Structures, pipelines and heavy industrial equipment rarely remain completely static. Thermal expansion, contraction, seismic movement, vibration and differential movement can all introduce forces that need to be accommodated within the design.
For applications involving high loads and relatively slow movement, PTFE slide bearings provide a simple and highly effective way of controlling this movement while minimising friction and maintenance requirements.
Fluorocarbon has been designing and manufacturing Fluoroglide® PTFE slide bearings for decades, with configurations developed for structural, industrial, pipeline, offshore and heavy-load applications. Rather than relying on a single standard bearing design, each Fluoroglide® assembly can be configured around the load, movement, temperature, environment and installation requirements of the application.
This article explains how PTFE slide bearings work, the main Fluoroglide® configurations available, and the key factors engineers should consider when specifying a bearing system.
How does a PTFE Slide Bearing work?
Why is PTFE used for Slide Bearings?
Typical Fluoroglide® Slide Bearing Configurations
Thermal Insulation for High-temperature Applications
Anti-vibration Slide Bearing Configurations
Choosing the Right Backing Plate Material
How are Fluoroglide® Bearings Installed?
Key Factors when Designing a PTFE Slide Bearing
Where are PTFE Slide Bearings Used?
PTFE Slide Bearings vs Conventional Expansion Solutions
Why Specify a Bespoke Fluoroglide® Configuration?
Designing a PTFE Slide Bearing for your Application
A PTFE slide bearing is a low-friction bearing system designed to allow controlled linear movement between two surfaces.
Unlike a conventional rolling-element bearing, there are no balls, rollers or lubrication systems. Instead, a low-friction PTFE sliding surface moves against a suitable counterface, typically polished stainless steel or another engineered sliding surface.
This makes PTFE particularly useful where structures need to accommodate movement caused by:
Fluoroglide® bearings are particularly suited to applications involving high loads and low-speed movement, where the self-lubricating characteristics of PTFE can be used to provide controlled, low-friction movement without conventional lubrication.
A typical slide bearing consists of a PTFE sliding surface attached to a rigid backing plate. The PTFE surface interfaces with either another PTFE surface or, particularly at higher bearing pressures, a polished stainless-steel counterface.
The bearing assembly is normally designed so that the sliding surfaces maintain the required contact area throughout the expected movement.
For example, where a structure is expected to expand and contract by a defined amount, the bearing dimensions need to provide sufficient sliding area and travel to accommodate that movement without the PTFE running beyond its intended contact area.
The bearing therefore needs to be considered as part of the wider structural system, not simply as an isolated component.
PTFE has a combination of properties that makes it particularly effective for sliding applications:
PTFE has a very low coefficient of friction compared with many conventional engineering materials. However, friction is not a fixed material constant. It varies according to factors including bearing pressure, sliding velocity, temperature, counterface condition and the specific PTFE formulation.
For design purposes, Fluorocarbon's current guidance recommends using conservative design values where operating conditions cannot be accurately predicted. Current technical information gives a design coefficient of friction of approximately 0.10 for unfilled PTFE and 0.12 for reinforced PTFE, while actual operating values may be lower.
PTFE does not require conventional liquid or grease lubrication to provide its low-friction characteristics. This can simplify installation and reduce maintenance requirements, particularly where bearings are difficult to access.
PTFE is highly resistant to many chemicals and has extremely low moisture absorption. This makes PTFE slide bearings suitable for demanding environments, including outdoor structures, process plants, pipelines and offshore applications.
The low friction characteristics of PTFE can help structures move progressively rather than relying on the repeated release of stored frictional energy associated with stick-slip movement.
This is particularly valuable where controlled structural movement is required.
There is no single slide bearing configuration that is suitable for every application.
Fluorocarbon manufactures Fluoroglide® bearings in a range of configurations, with the bearing selected and designed according to factors such as load, temperature, movement, installation method and environmental conditions.
| FC25120-MST Full Weld Bearing |
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2.5mm PTFE top pad bonded to 12mm backing plate for full welding to substrate. 2.5mm PTFE bottom pad bonded to 12mm backing plate for full welding to substrate. Temperature range: -30°c to +120°c |
| FC 2560-MSB Bolted Bearing |
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2.5mm PTFE pad bonded to 6mmbacking plate with countersunk holes for bolting. Load capacity: up to 70kg/cm² Temperature range: -30°c to +120°c |
| FC 2530-SSNRT Elastomeric Backed Bearing |
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2.5mm PTFE pad bonded to 3mm backing plate for tack welding. 2.5mm PTFE bottom pad bonded to 3mm backing plate, 6mm elastomer to accommodate small angular misalignments and 3mm mounting plate for tack welding or bolting. Load capacity: up to 70kg/cm² Temperature range: -30°c to +120°c |
| FC SS 2530-MST Counterfaced Bearing |
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2.5mm PTFE pad bonded to 3mm backing plate for tack welding, full welding or bolting. Counterfaced by a larger, mirror stainless steel plate. |
| FC SS 65-MS125T Recessed Bearing |
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6.0mm PTFE pad contained in a recessed backing plate, finished for tack welding, full welding or bolting. Counterfaced by a larger, mirror finished stainless steel plate. Load capacity: up to 280kg/cm² Temperature range: -30°c to +120°c |
| FC 2530-MST Tack Weld Bearing |
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2.5mm PTFE pad bonded to 3mm backing plate for tack welding. Welding lip surrounding PTFE. Load capacity: up to 140kg/cm² Temperature range: -30°c to +120°c |
| FC 2530-SSVP125 Anti-Vibration Bearing |
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2.5mm PTFE pad bonded to 3mm backing plate for tack welding. 2.5mm PTFE bottom pad bonded to 12.5mm anti-vibration pad. Held in place by mechanical friction. Load capacity: up to 70kg/cm² Temperature range: -30°c to +120°c |
| FC 2530-MS250TI Thermal Insulation Bearing |
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Used when the PTFE temperature could exceed +180°c. 2.5mm PTFE top pad bonded to 3mm backing plate, 25mm thermal insulator (Fluorex) and 3mm mounting plate for tack welding or bolting. 2.5mm PTFE bottom pad bonded to 3mm backing plate for welding or bolting. Load capacity: up to 140kg/cm² Temperature range: -30°c to +120°c |
| TS 2530-STD Skidway Plate |
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2.5mm PTFE pad bonded to 3mm carbon steel with 25mm welding lip for tack welding to skid beam. Typical Size Carbon steel: 500mm x 2000mm PTFE: 450mm x 1950mm |
| JS 2530-SP Dimpled Skidway Plate |
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2.5mm dimpled PTFE pad bonded to 3mm carbon steel with 25mm welding lip for tack welding to skid beam. Typical Size Carbon steel: 500mm x 2000mm PTFE: 450mm x 1950mm |
The standard arrangement typically uses a PTFE pad bonded to a metal backing plate.
A current Fluorocarbon configuration uses a 2.5 mm PTFE layer bonded to a 3 mm carbon-steel backing plate, providing a straightforward solution for installation by welding or bolting.
Alternative backing materials and thicknesses can also be specified, including stainless steel grades 304 and 316 where required by the environment.
This configuration is commonly used for pipe supports, structural connections and other applications where controlled movement is required at moderate bearing pressures.
As bearing pressure increases, simply increasing the thickness of an exposed PTFE pad is not necessarily the best solution.
For higher-load applications, the PTFE can be mechanically contained within a recessed metal housing and used against a polished stainless-steel counterface.
This approach provides additional support to the PTFE and allows significantly higher bearing pressures to be accommodated.
Current Fluorocarbon guidance gives typical capacities of approximately:
The actual allowable load should always be established for the complete bearing configuration and operating conditions rather than relying on a material pressure figure alone.
Fluoroglide® bearings can use either virgin or glass-filled Fluorinoid® PTFE, depending on the application.
Reinforcing the PTFE can increase its load-bearing capability and reduce deformation under load.
Fluorocarbon's technical configuration guidance indicates that, under specified conditions, glass-filled PTFE can provide approximately twice the load capacity of virgin PTFE, while contained glass-filled configurations can provide an increase of up to approximately four times.
These figures should be treated as application-specific engineering guidance rather than universal material ratings, since temperature, geometry, containment and duration of loading all affect performance.
Temperature is one of the most important considerations when designing a PTFE slide bearing.
Although PTFE can operate across a broad temperature range, bearing performance depends on the temperature actually experienced by the PTFE surface, not simply the temperature of the surrounding equipment or process.
Fluorocarbon's current guidance recommends that the surface temperature of the PTFE should generally remain below 120°C and should not exceed 200°C. Where the bearing is exposed to higher temperatures, thermal insulation can be incorporated between the heat source and the bearing assembly.
For extremely high-temperature applications, a conventional PTFE bearing may no longer be appropriate. Fluorocarbon also offers Fluoroglide® high-temperature bearings using graphite sliding surfaces, with specialised configurations available for applications such as flare stacks. These systems can operate at temperatures substantially above the practical range of conventional PTFE bearings.
Not every movement problem is purely thermal.
Some structures also need to accommodate vibration or dynamic movement. In these cases, a slide bearing can incorporate an elastomeric or vibration-damping layer between the PTFE bearing assembly and the structure.
This can help isolate vibration while still allowing the required horizontal movement.
The correct configuration depends on the frequency, magnitude and direction of the movement, as well as the structural loads involved.
The backing plate provides structural support for the PTFE and forms an important part of the overall bearing assembly.
Carbon steel is commonly used, but stainless steel or other rigid structural materials can be specified where environmental conditions demand additional corrosion resistance.
For example, stainless steel grades 304 or 316 may be appropriate where the bearing is exposed to aggressive environments or where corrosion resistance is a key design requirement.
The backing plate should therefore be selected based on the complete installation environment rather than the PTFE material alone.
The installation method should be considered during the bearing design stage.
Depending on the configuration and application, Fluoroglide® components can be:
The PTFE sliding surface must be protected during installation from contamination, weld spatter, paint and other materials that could damage or interfere with the sliding interface.
Where PTFE is bonded to a backing plate, specialised surface preparation and bonding processes are required because PTFE is inherently difficult to bond to.
Fluorocarbon provides in-house Fluoroetch® chemical etching and bonding, allowing PTFE and other fluoropolymer components to be prepared and bonded as part of the manufacturing process.
A successful slide bearing design begins with understanding the complete operating environment.
Engineers should consider:
Determine the maximum static and dynamic loads acting on the bearing.
This establishes the required bearing area and helps determine whether virgin, reinforced or contained PTFE is appropriate.
The load should be distributed across a suitable PTFE contact area.
Higher pressures may require reinforced PTFE or a contained bearing configuration.
Calculate the maximum expected travel in both directions.
Thermal expansion is often predictable, but differential movement, seismic movement and structural deflection may also need to be considered.
Consider both the ambient temperature and the actual temperature at the PTFE sliding interface.
Where heat transfer from the structure could raise the PTFE temperature, thermal insulation may be required.
PTFE slide bearings are generally intended for relatively slow movement under high load. The expected speed and frequency of movement should therefore be included in the design assessment.
The condition and material of the opposing sliding surface are critical to bearing performance.
Polished stainless steel is commonly used for higher-pressure PTFE/stainless-steel configurations.
Consider exposure to:
The bearing must be designed around how it will be installed and retained.
A bearing intended to be welded into position will require a different configuration from one that needs to be bolted or mechanically retained.
One of the major advantages of PTFE slide bearings is that they do not normally require conventional lubrication. This can be particularly advantageous where bearings are difficult or expensive to access.
Fluoroglide® slide bearings are used in applications where controlled movement is required under significant loads.
Typical applications include:
Pipelines and Pipe Supports
Pipelines can experience significant movement as operating temperatures change. Slide bearings allow the pipework to expand and contract while helping to minimise the forces transferred into the supporting structure.
Process and Chemical Plants
Large process installations can experience thermal and differential movement between interconnected structures and equipment.
Bridges and Structural Connections
Slide bearings can accommodate movement caused by temperature changes, structural deflection and other forces.
Offshore Structures
The combination of low friction, chemical resistance and resistance to harsh environmental conditions makes PTFE-based sliding systems suitable for demanding offshore applications. Fluorocarbon also supplies specialised offshore and subsea bearing solutions.
Heavy-load Skidding and Loadout
Fluoroglide® PTFE skidway plates are used to facilitate the movement of exceptionally heavy structures during construction and loadout operations. Fluorocarbon has assisted successful loadouts involving structures weighing up to 37,000 tonnes using Fluoroglide® skidway technology.
Traditional solutions for accommodating structural movement can include rollers, rocker arrangements and expansion plates.
PTFE slide bearings offer an alternative approach based on controlled sliding rather than rolling or articulated movement.
Their advantages can include:
| Consideration | PTFE Slide Bearing |
|---|---|
| Friction | Very low |
| Lubrication | Normally not required |
| Movement | Linear sliding movement |
| Maintenance | Generally low |
| Chemical resistance | Excellent |
| Moisture resistance | Excellent |
| Installation | Can be designed for bolting, welding or mechanical retention |
| Load capability | Can be engineered for high loads |
| Temperature | Configuration dependent |
| Customisation | Application-specific designs available |
However, PTFE is not automatically the right material for every bearing application. Load, pressure, temperature, movement, velocity and counterface conditions must all be assessed during the design process.
One of the most important lessons from decades of slide-bearing design is that the bearing should be designed around the application rather than selecting a generic bearing from a catalogue.
Fluorocarbon combines material expertise, manufacturing capability and engineering design experience to develop complete bearing assemblies rather than simply supplying PTFE material.
This can include:
The performance of a slide bearing depends on much more than the nominal PTFE grade.
Load, pressure, movement, temperature, speed, counterface, environment and installation method all need to work together.
Fluorocarbon's Fluoroglide® range provides a flexible platform for developing slide-bearing solutions for structural, industrial, pipeline, offshore and heavy-load applications.
If you are developing a new bearing application, replacing an existing bearing system or experiencing problems with friction, movement or bearing wear, Fluorocarbon's engineering team can assess the operating conditions and recommend an appropriate configuration.
To discuss your PTFE slide bearing requirements
A PTFE slide bearing is a low-friction bearing system that allows controlled linear movement between surfaces. PTFE is commonly used because of its low friction, chemical resistance and self-lubricating characteristics.
The allowable load depends on the PTFE grade, bearing area, temperature, configuration and whether the material is mechanically contained. Fluorocarbon's current guidance gives approximately 7 N/mm² for FL100 virgin PTFE and 14 N/mm² for FL129 reinforced PTFE in specified configurations, with higher loads possible using contained designs.
Normally, no. PTFE has inherently low-friction and self-lubricating characteristics, so conventional grease or oil lubrication is generally unnecessary. However, we do offer a range of proven lubricating systems for our Skidway solutions, including FL414 Specially formulated liquid silicone system and FL614 PTFE membrane system, for positioning between the Fluoroglide® skidway plates and timber skid shoe.
The practical operating temperature depends on the complete bearing configuration. Fluorocarbon recommends that the PTFE surface generally remains below 120°C and does not exceed 200°C. Thermal insulation can be incorporated where heat transfer from the structure is a concern.
Yes. PTFE has excellent resistance to moisture and many environmental conditions, making it suitable for many outdoor structural and industrial applications. The backing plate and other components should also be selected for the environmental conditions.
Yes. PTFE-based sliding systems are used in offshore and subsea applications, where low friction and resistance to harsh environments are important. Fluorocarbon also manufactures specialised subsea bearing products using application-specific Fluorinoid® PTFE grades.
Reinforced PTFE incorporates a filler system designed to improve specific mechanical properties, such as load-bearing capability and resistance to deformation. Fluorocarbon uses both virgin and glass-filled Fluorinoid® PTFE in Fluoroglide® bearing applications.
Yes, but the bearing must be appropriately designed. High-load applications may require reinforced PTFE or a contained PTFE configuration with a suitable counterface.
A PTFE skidway is a sliding system used to move very heavy structures across a prepared surface. Fluoroglide® skidway plates use bonded PTFE/metal technology and have been used for heavy offshore and industrial loadout operations.
Yes. Fluorocarbon manufactures Fluoroglide® bearings in a range of configurations and can vary the PTFE thickness, backing plate, materials, insulation and other components to suit the application.
PTFE slide bearings provide a proven method of accommodating controlled movement under high loads while maintaining low friction and low maintenance requirements.
However, effective bearing design is not simply a case of selecting a PTFE grade. The complete system, including bearing pressure, movement, temperature, counterface, backing structure, environment and installation method, needs to be considered.
Fluoroglide® slide bearings are therefore designed as engineered assemblies, allowing the PTFE material and bearing configuration to be matched to the demands of the application.
From structural and pipeline supports to offshore equipment and heavy-load skidways, Fluorocarbon can provide the material expertise, manufacturing capability and engineering support required to develop a reliable sliding solution.
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